TERRAMAC TP-4000 Extrusion/Blow Molding Biodegradable Polylactic Acid
- Название продукта: TERRAMAC TP-4000 Extrusion/Blow Molding Biodegradable Polylactic Acid
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- Производитель: Ascent Petrochem Holdings Co., Limited
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- TERRAMAC TP-4000 Extrusion/Blow Molding Biodegradable Polylactic Acid is typically used in formulations when melt viscosity and moisture content and processing temperature and shear rate must be controlled within specific ranges.
| Код ТН ВЭД | 209000 |
Как аккредитованный завод по биоразлагаемой полимолачной кислоте TERRAMAC TP-4000 для экструзионного/воздухового формования, мы соблюдаем строгие протоколы качества - каждая партия подвергается строгим испытаниям для обеспечения последовательных стандартов эффективности и безопасности.
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A 98.5 wt% TP-4000 pellet charge, combined with 1.0 wt% talc-based nucleating masterbatch and 0.5 wt% slip/antiblock masterbatch, is predried at 80 °C for 4 h to a residual moisture level below 250 ppm as determined by ISO 15512 Method B. The material is processed on a continuous shuttle extrusion blow moulding machine equipped with a 25:1 L/D barrier screw and a barrel profile from 180 °C to 205 °C, with the die head held at 190–200 °C; melt temperature is capped at 210 °C because PLA hydrolytic chain scission accelerates above this threshold, producing parison sag variation and inconsistent top-load strength. PLA blow moulding grades in this viscosity class typically show an MFR of 3–6 g/10 min under ISO 1133-1:2022 at 210 °C with 2.16 kg load, which supports parison hang times of 6–10 s without excessive sag. Process audits on shuttle lines identify parison length variation as the primary failure mode when melt residence time exceeds 12 min at 200 °C, particularly after colour changeovers. Compliance for direct food contact is anchored to Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, with an overall migration limit of 10 mg/dm², and to EN 13432:2000, which requires at least 90% disintegration after 12 weeks and at least 90% biodegradation within 6 months under industrial composting. The downstream production sequence begins with parison extrusion through a diverging die gap of 1.8–2.5 mm, continues with blow pressure at 0.6–0.8 MPa, and ends with mould temperature held at 25–40 °C to reduce stress whitening at pinch-off seams. Terminal articles are cold-filled 250 ml to 1 L bottles for milk alternatives, chilled juice, and liquid dairy products without carbonation, because PLA oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier properties are insufficient for carbonated shelf-life requirements.
What Limits Parison Hang Time in Continuous Extrusion Blow Moulding of Non-Food Bottles?
When TP-4000 is routed into non-food personal care and home care packaging, the compliance file shifts from direct food migration to REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 for the polymer and masterbatch constituents, while packaging compatibility for cosmetic products is assessed under ISO 22715:2006. The starting formula is 98.0 wt% TP-4000, 1.5 wt% colour masterbatch, and 0.5 wt% processing aid, with the colour masterbatch level adjustable between 1.0 wt% and 4.0 wt% depending on the target L*a*b* value and wall thickness. Accumulator-head extrusion blow moulding is the downstream process for bottles requiring narrow neck finishes and uniform wall thickness; barrel settings are 185–205 °C, the accumulator head is held at 190–200 °C, mould temperature is kept at 20–30 °C, and parison hang time is held at 6–10 s to prevent fold-over at the pinch-off seam. Operational boundaries include avoiding filled formulations containing more than 20% ethanol or pH above 9.0, because these conditions produce environmental stress cracking and hydrolytic embrittlement. Terminal product types are 300 ml to 1 L pump bottles, spray bottles, and lotion bottles for personal care, cosmetics, and home care.
Extrusion coating of paperboard with TP-4000 takes place after the paper substrate is conditioned to a moisture content below 6 wt% and preheated to 40–60 °C to reduce pinhole formation at the coating line. The coating layer is applied at 18–30 g/m², using a formulation of 100 phr TP-4000 with 0.1–0.3 wt% fluoropolymer-free processing aid; where crease cracking on cup rims is observed at low temperatures, up to 5 phr biodegradable flexibilizer is introduced. Compliance for this structure is defined by Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 with an overall migration limit of 10 mg/dm² for the plastic coating and by EN 13432:2000 for organic recovery of the finished composite article. The downstream extrusion coating process uses a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder, a deckled slot die with 200–250 mm air gap, a 15–25 °C chill roll, and in-line corona treatment at 42–46 mN/m to raise surface energy for printing or lamination. Terminal products are cold-service beverage cartons, compostable paper cups, and ice cream tub lids.
Thermoformed Sheet for Cold-Service Dairy and Deli Portions
For cold-service thermoformed containers, the in-line process connects sheet extrusion with plug-assisted forming to minimize reheating energy and preserve molecular weight. The formulation is 96.0 wt% TP-4000, 3.0 wt% PBAT, and 1.0 wt% nucleating masterbatch; PBAT content may be raised to 8.0 wt% where cold-crack resistance below 4 °C is required, but this lowers heat deflection temperature and increases oxygen transmission. Compliance is anchored to Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 for food contact, EN 13432:2000 for compostability, and ASTM D6400-23 for compostable plastic packaging in North American markets. Sheet extrusion at 0.4–1.2 mm thickness uses a 30:1 L/D single-screw extruder at 180–205 °C and a three-roll stack at 30–60 °C; the sheet then enters a servo-driven plug-assist thermoformer at a sheet surface temperature of 90–110 °C with mould temperature maintained at 25 °C. Terminal product types include chilled dairy portion cups, deli containers, clamshells, and cold-service cup lids. The thermal boundary for amorphous PLA sheet is its Vicat softening point near 55–60 °C, so hot-fill or microwave applications require post-forming crystallization to raise service temperature.
Nucleation Density Governs Foamed PLA Sheet Density Reduction and Skin Quality
Before the die lips open on a tandem foam line, TP-4000 must be conditioned to a melt-strength plateau; foaming trials start with 97.0 wt% TP-4000, 2.0 wt% talc nucleating masterbatch, and 1.0 wt% endothermic chemical blowing agent masterbatch, or with physical CO₂ injection at 0.5–1.0 wt% when the line permits gas dosing. Nucleation density is set by talc masterbatch dispersion quality; under-dispersed talc agglomerates above 20 μm produce open-cell voids and surface roughness. Compliance for foamed food trays is defined by Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 for food contact and EN 13432:2000 for organic recovery, while compressive behavior of the foamed sheet can be evaluated under ISO 844. The downstream process is a tandem extrusion line in which the primary extruder melts and injects gas at 180–205 °C and the secondary cooling extruder reduces melt temperature to 150–170 °C before the die; die lip geometry is set for 0.8–3.0 mm sheet thickness, and expansion is controlled to a foam density of 80–250 kg/m³. Published line-specific data for TP-4000 in foam extrusion remains limited; the quoted ranges represent qualification starting points rather than guaranteed production windows. Terminal products are meat and poultry trays, produce trays, and protective transit trays. Processing limits are sharp: open-cell content above 15% leads to exudate absorption in meat trays, while melt temperature above 175 °C at the die collapses foam density below target.
Конкурентоспособные цены на биоразлагаемую полимолачную кислоту TERRAMAC TP-4000 для экструзионного/воздухового формования, которые соответствуют вашему бюджету - гибкие условия и индивидуальные котировки для каждого заказа.
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- TERRAMAC TP-4000 Extrusion/Blow Molding Biodegradable Polylactic Acid Производится в соответствии с системой качества ISO 9001 и отвечает соответствующим нормативным требованиям.
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TERRAMAC TP-4000 Extrusion/Blow Molding Biodegradable Polylactic Acid is a pelletized semi-crystalline poly(L-lactic acid) resin supplied for continuous extrusion and blow moulding conversion. The grade is intended for processing on single-screw extrusion lines where higher melt tension, controlled sag resistance, and parison stability are required. Representative melt flow rate is 4.0 g/10 min at 190 °C and 2.16 kg load according to ISO 1133-1:2022 method A. Density is 1.26 g/cm³ by ISO 1183-1. The material is not a direct conversion on conventional HDPE or PP blow moulding lines without adjustment of screw geometry, drying, temperature profiling, and parison programming.
The feedstock is polymerized by ring-opening polymerization of lactide obtained from plant-sourced lactic acid. Residual monomer and oligomer content are controlled because volatile lactide affects die-lip plate-out and organoleptic properties in blow moulded containers. A low D-lactide fraction is present to modulate crystallization and preserve optical clarity in rapid-cooled parisons. The polymer exhibits shear-thinning behaviour typical of linear PLA; melt viscosity at low shear is higher than standard injection-moulding grades, which supports parison hang time during extrusion blow moulding.
What Physical Property Set Distinguishes TP-4000 from General Purpose PLA?
Conditioning of test specimens follows 23 °C and 50 % relative humidity for 48 h unless otherwise noted. The values below are representative of published technical data for TP-4000 and should be verified against the current certificate of analysis for lot-specific variation. PLA molecular weight and D-lactide content influence crystallization kinetics, melt viscosity, and final mechanical response; therefore, single-point comparisons without moisture and thermal history are insufficient.
| Property | Typical value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Density | 1.26 g/cm³ | ISO 1183-1 |
| Melt flow rate | 4.0 g/10 min | ISO 1133-1:2022, 190 °C, 2.16 kg |
| Tensile yield strength | 57 MPa | ISO 527-2 |
| Tensile elongation at break | 3 % | ISO 527-2 |
| Flexural modulus | 3.5 GPa | ISO 178 |
| Flexural strength | 90 MPa | ISO 178 |
| Notched Izod impact strength | 3.0 kJ/m² | ISO 180/A |
| Heat deflection temperature | 55 °C at 0.45 MPa | ISO 75-2/B |
| Vicat softening temperature | 58 °C | ISO 306/B50 |
| Glass transition temperature | 57 °C | ISO 11357-2 |
| Melting temperature | 176 °C | ISO 11357-3 |
The glass transition at 57 °C defines the upper service-temperature boundary for non-annealed parts. The combination of 57 MPa tensile yield and 3.5 GPa flexural modulus places TP-4000 in the stiff, moderately impact-limited class of unmodified PLA. Notched Izod impact of 3.0 kJ/m² indicates low energy absorption and excludes snap-fit or load-bearing designs unless the part includes generous radii and reduced stress concentration. The heat deflection temperature of 55 °C at 0.45 MPa is not sufficient for hot-fill packaging or dishwasher exposure.
Because the resin is a condensation polyester, residual moisture participates in hydrolytic chain scission at processing temperatures. Granules stored outside sealed foil liners absorb atmospheric moisture and must be re-dried before melt processing. Predrying is performed in a desiccant dryer with a dew point no higher than -40 °C. The conditioning set point is 80 °C for 4–6 h, with residual moisture verified below 250 ppm by Karl Fischer titration or a calibrated moisture analyzer. If ambient relative humidity exceeds 60 %, residence time should be extended and regrind limited to 20 wt% unless its moisture content is separately confirmed. Failure to maintain 250 ppm leads to hydrolytic chain cleavage, melt flow increase, reduced parison hang time, silver streaks, and lower intrinsic viscosity. A measurable melt flow shift greater than 1.0 g/10 min during processing indicates molecular weight loss.
On a production-scale single-screw extruder with 25:1–30:1 L/D, barrier flights, and a 40/60 mesh screen pack, melt temperature is maintained between 190 °C and 210 °C. The lower limit prevents melt fracture and unmelted particles; the upper limit is set below 220 °C because lactide regeneration and thermal degradation become measurable. Screw speed should be adjusted to keep melt residence time under 5 min. A static mixer or melt pump reduces temperature overshoot, and compression ratio should be kept within 2.5:1–3.0:1. High-shear mixing elements are not required and may introduce frictional heating that degrades the polyester backbone.
Melt flow measurement alone is not sufficient for parison stability evaluation. Capillary rheometry is recommended for batch-to-batch comparison of zero-shear viscosity and shear-thinning index. Linear PLA has limited elongational melt strength compared with HDPE; the low melt flow of TP-4000 partially compensates, but die geometry, land length, and parison programming must be optimized for the narrower processing window. Published data for direct comparison of TP-4000 sag behaviour with HDPE on identical blow moulding tools are limited.
Extrusion Blow Moulding Parameter Envelope
Starting parameters for shuttle or continuous-wheel blow moulding machines are shown in Table 2. These conditions assume a general-purpose PLA screw and a die/head combination free of dead spots. Parison swell and sag behaviour differ from HDPE and require reduced melt temperature and different die swell compensation. Parison programming should compensate for upper parison thinning on machines with insufficient melt strength support.
| Parameter | Typical starting range |
|---|---|
| Predrying temperature | 80 °C |
| Predrying time | 4–6 h |
| Residual moisture | <250 ppm |
| Feed zone temperature | 170–180 °C |
| Compression zone temperature | 180–200 °C |
| Metering zone temperature | 190–200 °C |
| Adapter and head temperature | 190–200 °C |
| Die temperature | 190–200 °C |
| Melt temperature | 190–210 °C |
| Blow-up ratio | 2.0:1–2.8:1 |
| Mould temperature | 20–30 °C |
The maximum continuous melt residence time at 200 °C should be verified by melt flow stability measurement. A residence time exceeding 5 min increases yellowing, lactide odor, and die-lip build-up. Blow-up ratios above 2.8:1 can produce uneven wall distribution unless parison programming is highly segmented. Mould temperatures below 20 °C may increase optical haze in thick-walled parts; mould temperatures above 30 °C extend cycle time without improving mechanical performance because PLA crystallization is slow and requires annealing or nucleation to develop significant crystallinity.
In contrast to injection-moulding PLA grades with melt flow rates from 15 g/10 min to 30 g/10 min, TP-4000 retains higher molecular weight and lower melt flow, giving greater melt tension for blow moulded parisons. In comparison with high-heat PLA compounds containing nucleating agents or tailored D-lactide content, the unreinforced TP-4000 grade exhibits a heat deflection temperature of 55 °C at 0.45 MPa; hot-fill applications above 50 °C are outside its operating envelope unless post-mould annealing is introduced. Compared with HDPE blow moulding resin of density 0.95 g/cm³, TP-4000 has higher stiffness but lower moisture tolerance, lower tear propagation resistance, and different melt density. The melt density difference must be accounted for in gravimetric dosing, head calibration, and regrind blending.
Published permeation data for this specific PLA configuration are limited. PLA generally shows higher water vapor transmission than HDPE and lower oxygen transmission than PET under dry conditions, but the result cannot be extrapolated to TP-4000 without bottle-side testing per ISO 15105-2 and ISO 15106-2. The grade should not be considered a barrier resin without multilayer structure or coating.
When TP-4000 is Run on Sheet and Profile Lines
Extrusion sheet lines using TP-4000 should use chill-roll temperatures of 30–60 °C and polished rolls to control sheet crystallinity. If the sheet is intended for thermoforming, roll temperature should be kept near the lower end of the range to minimize crystallinity and preserve forming latitude. If dimensional stability is required, higher roll temperatures and downstream annealing at 80–100 °C for 30–60 s increase crystallinity but reduce impact. Sheet thicknesses between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm are processed without forced cooling beyond the roll stack on standard three-roll take-offs.
Profile extrusion through calibration sleeves is feasible where melt temperature is held at 185–200 °C. Low melt strength requires vacuum calibration and close die-to-sizer distance. Regrind edges and trim can be reintroduced up to 20 wt% after drying. Mineral-filled or nucleated PLA grades should not be blended with TP-4000 without evaluating melt fracture and calender pickup. Purging with PET or PVC residues is prohibited because these materials degrade at different temperature windows and leave contamination that reduces melt stability.
Compliance with industrial composting standards EN 13432, ASTM D6400, and ISO 17088 is product- and thickness-dependent; certification status should be confirmed on the current certificate issued by the manufacturer or an approved certification body. Biodegradation testing under ISO 14855-1 requires at least 90 % mineralization within 180 days; this is not equivalent to marine biodegradation under ASTM D6691, for which published TP-4000 data are limited. The material is not compatible with conventional PET bottle recycling streams; separation and identification by near-infrared sorting are required. Food-contact status must be verified under EU Regulation (EU) No 10/2011, the applicable US FDA 21 CFR food-contact notification, or national approvals. The manufacturer’s food-contact statement governs the specific lot and monolayer or multilayer structure.
Storage before processing is carried out in sealed moisture-barrier bags at 10–30 °C and protected from direct sunlight. Once opened, the granules should be consumed within 4 h or re-dried. Feed hoppers should be purged with dry air and should not be shared with undried PET, PC, or other polyester resins without complete cleaning. Screw recovery time should be measured at the intended screw speed; if recovery time increases beyond 10 % of the baseline at constant melt temperature, the screw or check ring may be coated with degraded PLA and requires inspection. These operational boundaries are necessary because the processing window of TP-4000 is narrower than that of olefinic blow moulding grades and demands strict moisture, residence time, and temperature discipline.
